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California Supreme Court,
Civil Litigation

Jan. 11, 2022

Breadcrumbs or apple seeds?

Some (but not all) judges on occasion seem to place language in their opinions that can serve as breadcrumbs (because the language is meant to reinforce existing precedent) or as apple seeds (because the language can be cited in a subsequent case as justification or support for a new rule of law the judge may wish to be adopted in the latter case). A recent anti-SLAPP decision by the California Supreme Court is a useful illustration of this.

2nd Appellate District, Division 2

Brian M. Hoffstadt

Associate Justice
California Court of Appeal

UCLA School of Law, 1995

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People often leave things behind for a reason.

Sometimes, they leave something behind in order to find their way back home. That was what Hansel and Gretel did when they left a trail of breadcrumbs as they were led into the forest.

Other times, they leave something behind in order to create something new. That was what John Chapman (aka Johnny Appleseed) did when he traveled the Northwest Territory in the early ...

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