Public-sector union violates First Amendment rights by requiring nonunion employees to pay into fund created for political purpose without providing fresh notice.
Cite as
2012 DJDAR 8391Published
Jun. 21, 2012Filing Date
Jun. 20, 2012Summary
California law permits public-sector employees in a bargaining unit to decide to create an “agency shop” arrangement by which all the employees are represented by a union. Even employees who do not join the union must pay an annual fee for “chargeable expenses,” the cost of nonpolitical union services related to collective bargaining. In June 2005, Service Employees International Union Local 1000 (SEIU) sent its annual Hudson notice to California employees, setting and capping monthly dues. In the same month, the governor called for a special election on two ballot propositions opposed by the SEIU. The SEIU sent a letter announcing a temporary 25 percent increase in dues in order to create a fund to help achieve the union’s political objectives in the special election. Nonunion employees were not given any choice as to whether they would pay into the fund. Petitioners brought a class action on behalf of nonunion employees, alleging violation of their First Amendment rights. The district court granted the petitioners summary judgment. The Ninth Circuit reversed.
Reversed and remanded. Compulsory subsidies for private speech are subject to exacting First Amendment scrutiny and cannot be sustained unless there is a comprehensive regulatory scheme involving a “mandatory association” among those who are required to pay the subsidy and compulsory fees are levied only insofar as they are a “necessary incident” of the “larger regulatory purpose which justified the required association.” Teachers v. Hudson made it clear that any procedure for exacting fees from unwilling contributors must be “carefully tailored to minimize the infringement” of free speech rights. Here, there was no justification for the SEIU’s failure to provide a fresh Hudson notice, and the fee-collection procedures were not carefully tailored to minimize impingement on First Amendment rights. Thus, the SEIU’s procedure could not be considered to have met Hudson's requirement.
Opinion by Justice Alito; Justice Sotomayor, concurring; Justice Breyer, dissenting.
— Brian Cardile
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