Police may not search digital information on cellphones seized from arrestees without warrant because government's interests do not justify them.
Cite as
2014 DJDAR 8220Published
Jun. 25, 2014Filing Date
Jun. 24, 2014Summary
The police stopped David Riley for driving with expired registration tags and a suspended license, and impounded his car. When another officer conducted an inventory search of the car, he discovered two loaded handguns hidden under the car’s hood, and arrested Riley. A third officer searched Riley’s cellphone, and found items associated with the “Bloods” street gang, including words preceded by the letters “CK,” or “Crip Killers,” a slang term for members of the Bloods gang. Evidence on the phone also led the police to suspect Riley’s involvement in a murder the prior week. The State of California charged Riley with attempted murder and firing at an occupied vehicle. Riley moved to suppress all evidence obtained from his cellphone, arguing that the police had violated the Fourth Amendment by performing the search without a warrant. The trial court rejected his argument, and Riley was convicted. The California Court of Appeal affirmed.
Reversed and remanded. Without a warrant, a search is reasonable only if it falls within a specific exception to the warrant requirement. One of those exceptions exists when a warrantless search is conducted incident to a lawful arrest. Under Chimel v. California, a search incident to arrest must be limited to the area within the arrestee’s immediate control, and must be justified by the government’s interests in officer safety and preventing evidence destruction. Here, the digital data stored on Riley’s cellphone did not present either a risk of harm to officers or of destruction of evidence as described in Chimel. Data on a cellphone cannot be used to harm an officer, and there is little risk of destruction of evidence once the phone is removed from the arrestee’s physical possession. Further, inspecting the contents of an arrestee’s phone involves substantial privacy interests. Thus, police generally may not search digital information on an arrestee’s cellphone without a warrant, and Riley’s conviction was reversed.
Opinion by Chief Justice Roberts; Justice Alito, concurring.
— Brian Cardile
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#266229
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