Vazquez v. Jan-Pro Franchising Int'l

GERARDO VAZQUEZ,

GLORIA ROMAN, and JUAN AGUILAR,

on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

JAN-PRO FRANCHISING

INTERNATIONAL, INC.,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 17-16096

D.C. No. 3:16-cv-05961-WHA

United States Court of Appeals

Ninth Circuit

Filed September 24, 2019

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of California

William Alsup, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted December 18, 2018

San Francisco, California

Before: Ronald M. Gould and Marsha S. Berzon,

Circuit Judges, and Frederic Block, District Judge.^*

Per Curiam Opinion

COUNSEL

Shannon Liss-Riordan (argued), Lichten & Liss-Riordan P.C., Boston, Massachusetts, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.

Jeffrey M. Rosin (argued), O'Hagan Meyer PLLC, Boston, Massachusetts; Theodore J. Boutrous Jr., Theane D. Evangelis, and Samuel Eckman, Gibson Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Los Angeles, California; for Defendant-Appellee.

Catherine K. Ruckelshaus and Najah A. Farley, National Employment Law Project, New York, New York, for Amici Curiae National Employment Law Project, Equal Rights Advocates, Dolores Street Community Services, Legal Aid at Work, and Worksafe, Inc.

Norman M. Leon, DLA Piper LLP, Chicago, Illinois; Jonathan Solish, Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP, Santa Monica, California; James F. Speyer, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP, Los Angeles, California; for Amicus Curiae The International Franchise Association.

Bradley A. Benbrook and Stephen M. Duvernay, Benbrook Law Group PC, Sacramento, California; Luke A. Wake, NFIB Small Business Legal Center, Sacramento, California; for Amicus Curiae National Federation of Independent Business Small Business Legal Center.

Adam G. Unikowsky, Jenner & Block LLP, Washington, D.C.; Steven P. Lehotsky, U.S. Chamber Litigation Center, Washington, D.C.; for Amicus Curiae Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America.

James F. Speyer, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP, Los Angeles, California, for Amicus Curiae California Chamber of Commerce.

Paul Grossman and Paul W. Cane Jr., Paul Hastings LLP, Los Angeles, California, for Amicus Curiae California Employment Law Council.

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

We have certified to the California Supreme Court the question whether that Court's decision in Dynamex Operations West Inc. v. Superior Court, 416 P.3d 1 (Cal. 2018), applies retroactively. See Vazquez v. Jan-Pro Int'l, Inc., __ F.3d __ (9th Cir. 2019). We here re-establish the remaining holdings from our now-withdrawn opinion in the matter. See Vazquez v. Jan-Pro Int'l, Inc., __ F.3d __, 2019 WL 3271969 (9th Cir. July 22, 2019). For the reasons laid out in our earlier opinion, we hold that the doctrines of res judicata and law of the case do not bar Plaintiffs from contending that they are employees under Dynamex's ABC test. See 923 F.3d at 583-86. We likewise reject Jan-Pro's contention that a retroactive application of Dynamex would violate their federal due process rights. See id. at 588-90. Finally, if Dynamex does apply retroactively, the district court's reliance on Patterson v. Domino's Pizza, LLC, 333 P.3d 723 (Cal. 2014), and the "special features of the franchise relationship" was misplaced. See id. at 594-95. As these rulings remain in place, the issue certified to the California Supreme Court "could determine the outcome" of the remainder of the appeal. Cal. R. Ct. 8.548(a).

^* The Honorable Frederic Block, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.